Cockfighting chickens, often referred to as “gamefowl,” and meat chickens, bred specifically for food, may look similar at first glance. However, they are bred for very different purposes, leading to distinct differences in appearance, behavior, and requirements for care. Below is a detailed guide from bj 88 to help beginners easily distinguish between these two types of chickens.
Purpose and Breeding Goals
Distinguishing Between Fighting Chickens and Meat Chickens
Gamefowl (Fighting Chickens)
These chickens are selectively bred for their fighting ability, agility, speed, and endurance. The focus here is on enhancing physical attributes that would benefit the bird in combat situations. Fighting chickens come from ancient breeds known for their resilience and strength.
Meat Chicken
Bred specifically for meat production, these chickens are raised to maximize weight gain and meat quality. The goal in breeding meat chickens is to produce a large, plump bird that reaches market weight quickly, often at the expense of other physical characteristics or behaviors.
Physical Characteristics
Fighting Chickens
Body Structure
Fighting Chickens: Gamefowl typically have a lean, muscular, and more streamlined build. They are not as heavy as meat chickens and are often taller, with a stronger and more agile frame that is ideal for quick movements and fighting prowess.
Meat Chickens: These chickens are stockier and carry more weight, especially around the breast and thighs. They have a fuller body, with shorter legs and a wider stance to support their increased weight.
Feathers and Plumage
Fighting Chickens: Their feathers are often tougher and more resistant, and they come in a variety of colors and patterns. The feathers are often tightly packed against their bodies, giving them a streamlined look to reduce drag and enhance speed.
Meat Chickens: Meat chickens generally have softer, fluffier feathers that contribute to their fuller appearance. Their plumage is not as dense or closely packed as that of gamefowl, and it is often white, especially in breeds like the Cornish Cross, which is most common in commercial production.
Comb and Wattle
Fighting Chickens: These birds often have larger, more prominent combs and wattles. In some breeds, the combs are specifically bred to be upright and prominent, reflecting health and vitality.
Meat Chickens: In many meat breeds, the comb and wattle are smaller and less prominent. This can be due to their focus on weight gain rather than aesthetics or physical traits related to fighting or resilience.
Behavioral Differences
Meat Chickens
Aggression and Temperament
Fighting Chickens: Gamefowl are known for their aggression and territorial behavior. They are quick to react and may display hostility when threatened or when another bird enters their space. This behavior is instinctual due to their breeding for combat.
Meat Chickens: These birds are generally more docile and passive. They have a calmer disposition, as they have been bred primarily for growth and meat production, not for fighting or survival instincts.
Activity Levels
Fighting Chickens: Gamefowl are typically more active and alert. They enjoy roaming, scratching, and tend to have high levels of energy. They are more independent and are often seen exploring their surroundings.
Meat Chickens: These birds tend to be less active, often due to their heavier bodies. Meat chickens like the Cornish Cross are often more sedentary, focusing energy on growing rather than foraging or exploring.
Growth and Development
Growth Rate
Fighting Chickens: Gamefowl grow at a moderate rate compared to meat chickens. They take time to develop their muscles and stamina and may not reach their peak physical condition until they are older.
Meat Chickens: Bred for rapid growth, meat chickens often reach market weight within 6-8 weeks, especially in industrial settings. This fast growth can sometimes lead to health issues related to their joints and heart due to the weight they carry.
Health Concerns
Fighting Chickens: Generally more robust due to selective breeding for resilience. However, they may require specialized care for injuries from fights if used for sport.
Meat Chickens: Prone to health problems due to rapid growth, especially leg issues and heart problems. Special diets and controlled environments help them thrive despite these risks.
Dietary Requirements and Care
Dietary Needs
Fighting Chickens: Their diet is tailored for energy and muscle development, often including protein-rich foods, vitamins, and minerals to enhance their agility and endurance.
Meat Chickens: These chickens have a high-protein diet formulated for rapid weight gain. Their food is designed to promote fast muscle growth rather than endurance or agility.
Housing and Space
Fighting Chickens: Gamefowl require spacious areas to roam and exercise. They may also need to be kept separately due to their aggressive nature.
Meat Chickens: Often raised in coops or barns where they have limited movement. They don’t require as much space since they are more sedentary and prioritize growth over physical activity.
Intended Use and Market Demand
Fighting Chickens
These birds are bred primarily for cockfighting or exhibition purposes, depending on local laws and cultural practices. Some gamefowl breeders also sell their chickens for shows or as pets to enthusiasts.
Meat Chickens
Primarily intended for food production. They are raised for their meat, which is in high demand in both local and international markets, making them a staple in the poultry industry.
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Conclusion
Understanding these distinctions can help newcomers choose the right type of chicken for their specific interests, whether for sport, exhibition, or food production. Knowing these differences also helps in providing each type with the care and environment they need to thrive.
In the end, each type of chicken has unique traits that make it valuable and meaningful within its own purpose, be it as a part of cultural tradition, a sport, or as an essential source of nutrition.
